Sports Medicine
ACL Reconstruction
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction ACL reconstruction is a surgical procedure designed to restore stability and function to a knee joint with a torn ACL, commonly caused by sports injuries or accidents. The procedure involves replacing the damaged ligament with a graft, typically sourced from the patient's hamstring or patellar tendon, or a donor. This surgery is often necessary when conservative treatments like physical therapy fail to restore knee stability, causing difficulty with activities that require pivoting or turning. ACL reconstruction helps improve knee stability, enabling patients to return to active lifestyles with greater confidence and reduced pain.
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Preparing for ACL Reconstruction
Preparation for ACL reconstruction includes a detailed evaluation of knee function, physical fitness, and overall health. Medical tests such as MRI scans may be performed to assess the extent of the ligament damage and any associated injuries, like meniscal tears. Pre-operative physical therapy might be recommended to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve joint flexibility, which can facilitate post-surgery recovery. Patients are also educated on the rehabilitation process, pain management techniques, and the need for assistive devices like crutches during the initial recovery phase.
Surgery Overview
ACL reconstruction is usually performed under regional or general anesthesia and lasts about 1 to 2 hours. The surgeon makes small incisions around the knee and uses arthroscopy (a small camera) to guide the procedure. The damaged ligament is removed, and the graft is secured in place with screws or other fixation devices. The new ligament integrates into the knee joint over time, restoring stability and function. Once the surgery is completed, the incisions are closed, and the knee is bandaged to prevent infection and aid healing.
Life After ACL Repair
Following ACL reconstruction, patients undergo a structured rehabilitation program focused on restoring strength, range of motion, and balance. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery, starting with gentle movements to improve flexibility. Strengthening exercises and balance training are gradually introduced as healing progresses. Patients may initially need crutches or a knee brace for support, but most individuals regain full function and return to sports or daily activities within six to twelve months, depending on the severity of the injury and dedication to rehabilitation.